What is diabetes mellitus and why
Insulin is a hormone that regulates the metabolism of sugars or carbohydrates. This hormone secreted by the pancreas helps the body to inject glucose into the body cells and to produce energy for the body through a metabolic process called ‘glycolysis’. Again the excess glucose is stored in the liver as glycogen. As a result, blood glucose is at its normal level. When this hormone is not secreted enough from the pancreas, when there is a deficiency or when the insulin produced is not effective in the cells or when the body's insulin is inactive, the amount of glucose in the blood increases more than normal and glucose is excreted in the urine. This is diabetes mellitus (DM - Diabetes Mellitus) or diabetes. Many people at one time referred to diabetic glucose-rich urine as "honey." Although honey is associated with the name, it is not actually honey, it is type-1 or insulin dependent diabetes, which mainly occurs at a young age. The pancreas loses its ability to make insulin and insulin is essential in these patients.
There are two common types of diabetes
1. Type 1 or insulin dependent diabetes, which mainly occurs at an early age. The pancreas loses its ability to make insulin and insulin is essential in these patients.
2. Another is type-2 or insulin dependent diabetes.
One of the causes of diabetes
Outbreaks appear to be exacerbated by congenital or environmental factors. Diabetes is growing at a rate of three percent a year, and it is usually young people who are affected.
Excess weight, obesity, lack of physical activity, high sugar and low fiber diet increase the risk of diabetes. Hereditary factors also increase the risk of this type of diabetes. If one of the parents has diabetes, the risk increases, and the risk of diabetes increases many times over. Diabetes often occurs only during pregnancy. In medical science terminology it is called GDM. This can lead to numerous complications for the mother and baby. Even if the exact cause is not known, having diabetes in the family increases the risk of gestational diabetes.
Discipline in diabetes control
The key to controlling diabetes is to lead an orderly life. Eating according to the rules, walking or exercising properly, using drugs, etc., those who follow, they can be free from diabetes, as well as the disease can be easily controlled. As a result, just as it is possible to live a normal life, it is also possible to survive the complications caused by diabetes. Blood sugar tests should be done from time to time to see if diabetes is under control. This can be done easily at home with a low cost glucometer. If the amount of blood sugar in the fasting state is around 7 mmol and after eating it is close to 8 mmol, it should be considered to be under good control. Measuring HbA1C in the blood can also help control diabetes. If the HBA is below 1C6%, it is considered that the sugar is under good control for three months.
Diabetes treatment methods
Three short "D's" should be followed for the treatment of diabetes. E.g.
The first "D" - diet or diet control, 70 to 80 percent of patients are good at it.
The second "D" - living a disciplined life.
The third "D" - drugs, very few patients will need it.
Last word
It should be kept in mind that the first and second "D" i.e. discipline and diet control can bring 80 percent control of diabetes. The role of medicine is very small here. With the exception of the first two "D's" it is very difficult to control diabetes with medication alone. Prevention and treatment of diabetes is an integrated social initiative. It is never possible for the government, doctors, any organization or anyone alone to carry out these huge activities. Effective control of diabetes is possible only if everyone from every level of society to the state works together. Although it is an incurable disease, it is possible to live a healthy, normal and functional life by keeping it under control. Therefore, today's slogan should be "Prevent Diabetes through moderate diet and regular exercise" to prevent the epidemic of diabetes and to build a healthy, energetic and vibrant nation.
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